George Washington Presidential Outline

George Washington I. Background- Birth-February 22, 1723 Death- December 14, 1799 II. Quote- â€Å"The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves. . . . The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us no choice but a brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have therefore to resolve to conquer or die. † (General orders, July 2, 1776) III. Prior occupations- Captain and Colonel in Virginia militia Plantation owner/Farmer Service in the Virginia House of Burgesses Delegate to the First Continental Congress General of the American Army IV. Dates in Office- 1789-1792 1793-1797 V. Prominent issues of elections- Washington was elected unanimously and did not host a campaign VI. Opponents of terms- N/A VII. Vice President- John Adams VIII. Political Parties- President- N/A Congress- IX. Foreign Policy- * Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) says that the United States will remain neutral in the series of wars between the French and English as a result of the French Revolution. This proclamation was not viewed favorably by the American people who despised the British and thought that the United States should help the French in hopes of prolonging the Franco-American Alliance. Washington issued this proclamation in spite of these arguments because he saw that remaining neutral in European conflicts as the only way to insure the continuance of the United States. * The Genet Affair (1793) was a series of problems that the French emissary Edmund Charles Genet caused while in the United States. Genet immediately started to drum up support for the French from among the American people, especially here the Republican-Democrats were influential. Genet even went as far as to outfit privateers to attack Spanish Florida. When Washington tried to deport the emissary, he realized that Genets political party had fallen from power and would be killed on his return. Washington allowed Genet to remain in the United States. * Jay’s Treaty with England (1794) was an at tempt by the United States and Britain to settle the problems remaining between them after the War of Independence by representatives of both countries with Chief Justice John Jay acting for the United States. It was almost not supported by the United States because Jay was a Federalist and the Jeffersonians believed that he had forfeited American rights during the treaty in order to appease Britain. The treaty was successful in solving many of America’s grievances but also heightened tensions between the two political parties. * The Pinckney Treaty (1795) was a treaty with Spain carried out by Thomas Pinckney to determine a definite border between Spanish Florida and the southern boundary of the United States, free navigation of the Mississippi by American traders and established trading relations between the United States and Spain. Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) was an urge from him to the American people and the next President to keep the fledgling country from involving itself in foreign affairs so that the United States could develop more economically and militarily. This leads to the American isolationist mentality for most of its existence. X. Domestic Policy * Washington elected unanimously to be the first president of the United States (1789) * The Judiciary Act (1789) created a three tiered national court system that upheld the principle of the Federal government’s supremacy while also compromising with the States rights. Bill of Rights (1791) added to the constitution to appease anti-federalists who believed that the Federal Government would squash the states and the people. These amendments helped to help people see the good in a central government. * First Bank of the United States charted (1791) by Congress as a response to Hamilton’s financial plan. This congressional decision lead to creation of the Hamilton-lead Federalists and the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans along with controversy over the central governments jurisdiction for years. * Vermont is first admitted to the union after the original 13 colonies (1791) Washington begins second term as president (1793) * The Fugitive Slave Act (1793) was passed by co ngress to prohibit the freeing of persons â€Å"held to Service and Labour. † It made freeing slaves illegal and forced States to return and/or help locate any fugitive slaves in the boundaries, regardless of whether they were a slave-free state or not. To do so, the act recognized the roles of â€Å"agents† in recovering these fugitives, authorized judges and magistrates to oversee transfers of slaves, and imposed a fine on any person helping runaway slaves. This was the start of the real slavery issue in the United States. The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) was battle between the Miami Indian tribes lead by Little Turtle and the American Army lead by General Anthony Wayne. Wayne was more prepared than his predecessors and successfully crushed the Miami tribes in Ohio. * Treaty of Greenville (1795) was signed between the Miami Confederacy and the United States to stop aggressions between the two groups. The United States benefitted from this treaty more because the C onfederacy seceded approximately 25,000 square miles of territory in the Ohio are, more than half of present day Ohio. Naturalization Act (1795) was passed by congress to allow â€Å"†¦ any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States. † This was the first law to define restrictions on who may or may not become a citizen of the United States. XI. Economic Policy- * Samuel Slater sets up first American factory (1790) * Alexander Hamilton’s Financial plan (1790) helps to unite the United States through a common problem of debt XII. Supreme Court- None XIII. Social Events- * Whiskey Rebellion (1794) was a revolt by Western Pennsylvanian farmers protesting the new taxes on whiskey. Disbanded by Washington-lead militia without blood-shed. XIV. New Technologies- * Cotton Gin invented (1793) which leads to an increase in cotton growth and the Southern economy XV. Presidential Evaluation- George Washington was a president of the highest measures. He set up the office of the president almost single-handedly and had to settle disgruntled farmers in western Pennsylvania that were specters of the original Revolutionaries. He also had to juggle both the British and French harassments and also choose to not support the new French government in their war against Britain. That choice was unpopular among many of the American people but he kept to his decision because he wanted to make sure that his new nation would continue to exist and hold its own against any foreign power in the future. To rate George Washington is an extremely difficult thing to do. The man set the guidelines of the presidency and was always looking out for the good of the government and the people. I will rate him 10/10 because he is the guideline for all the other presidents to compare to. XVI. Themes- War and Diplomacy- * George Washington Presidential Outline I. George Washington (1732-1799) II. â€Å"I have no other view than to promote the public good, and am unambitious of honors not founded in the approbation of my Country. † III. He was a surveyor, planter, and general of the Army of the United Colonies. IV. His term was from 1789-1797. V. There were no prominent issues in his first or scone term and ran unopposed. VI. He didn't have any opponents, it was only a matter of who would become vice president. VII. John Adams was his vice president for both of his terms. VIII. Washington had no political party, and there was no congressional majority yet. IX. Foreign policy decisions Proclamation of Neutrality: prevented Americans from supplying either side with weapons or help, stated that the U. S would not offer protection to Americans who violated neutrality laws, and that the United States would prosecute anyone in its jurisdiction that violated international neutrality. Genet Affair: Citizen Edmond-Charles Genet violated the neutrality laws by planning to use American ports to stop British commerce and support France, which disgraced French supporters in the U. S. Jay Treaty with England: withdrawal of British soldiers in the west of U. S. , commission to settle border issues with U. S. and Canada, commission to resolve American losses in British ship seizures and loyalist losses from Revolutionary War Battle of Fallen Timbers: famous for the decisive victory of the United States over a confederacy of Indian tribes, took place between the two at Fallen Timbers, which was an area full of trees toppled by a tornado, Americans wanted to settle the west but were afraid of the natives Treaty of Greenville: between Indians and Americans, natives give up land in southwest part of northwestern territory and other defined areas, U. S. pays tribe $20,000 and $9,500 a year to split among tribes, tribes can still hunt there Naturalization Act: raised the period of residence from two years to five years before a person could be a citizen Pinckney Treaty with Spain: Spain recognized U. S. borders at Mississippi River and 31st parallel, granted Americans the right to deposit goods for transshipment at New Orleans X. Political Affairs George Washington is Elected: Only president unanimously elected Judiciary Act: established a court of one chief justice and five associate justices, court met for the first time in 1790 Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan: proposed that the federal government take on debts contracted by the states during the revolution, at the national government borrow money to be repaid over a long period, national bank runs it and have taxes to help pay for it, pay off all debts and high tariffs kept out foreign competition Bill of Rights added to the Constitution: added to make all states ratify the Constitution and ensure rights of the people First Bank of US chartered: created by Hamilton to tackle war debt and make one currency Vermont admitted to the Union Second Term: unanimously elected again Whiskey Rebellion: protest on tax of 25% of liquor's value, showed government not afraid to enforce it's laws with it's militia, farmers who sold corn as whiskey hit the hardest and western frontiersmen were main prostestors Farewell Address: country scared that it would tear apart without Washington as president, but he said that whatever changes happened were because of their efforts and success, and he wasn't qualified for being president anyways XI. Economic Decisions Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan: (see above) XII. Major Supreme Court Cases N/A XIII. Major Social Events Fugitive Slave Law: Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and only had to say in front of a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway, captive was not entitled to a trial by jury and the judge's decision was terminal, people hiding an escaped slave could be fined $500 XIV. Major Inventions Cotton Gin Invented: took seeds out of cotton quickly, created widespread cash crop of cotton and revived slavery Samuel Slater builds first American factory: used stolen ideas from Britain to create first American textile factory, hired entire families, including children, to work in his mills; workers lived in company-owned housing, shopped at company-owned stores, and studied in company-run schools XV. Presidential Evaluation President Washington was kind of overrated in my opinion. We glorify him today as if he was perfect and god-like, but most of â€Å"his† achievements are actually a result of his colleagues' ideas. Alexander Hamilton had many of the attainments during Washington's presidency, and really ensured that the country would continue to prosper and pay off all debts. George Washington's best decision was actually surrounding himself with intelligent people to rely on in times of crisis that the new country would go through. His major foreign successes would have to be the Proclamation of Neutrality and his treaties with Europe. The proclamation helped keep the country out of wars and trouble in general at a time of weakness. Any fighting could have destroyed the nation if they lost and it would be back under the command of a European power. His treaties wit Europe gained the U. S. land and respect, helping in the long run. His major domestic successes would be the Bill of Rights and Hamilton's Financial Program. The Bill of Rights made sure that the rights that we still have today would be granted to citizens of the nation, though there were qualifications based on gender and race. Without the financial plan, the U. S. ight never have fully payed off it's debts to Europe and caused further conflict, and it made it easier to pay off with it's extended period that wouldn't require high taxes all at once. He and his cabinet handled the issues of building a nation and having rights for the people while avoiding the tyranny like they had in Britain very well, though he played an almost minimal role in the handling of it. Overall, I rate him 7 out of 10. XVI. Major Themes Slavery: Negative Impact -Passing of t he Fugitive Slave Law -Slaves and black men and women had no rights in the Bill of Rights Invention of the cotton gin revived slavery because of cheap labor and massive production of cotton -Slaves treated like second class citizens with no trial by jury, freedom, or credibility in matters of importance -Status: Slavery is running rampant in the South with large plantations of cotton and cheap easy labor. Though the North opposes it, there are no movements as of yet to abolish it. During the presidency, nothing is being done to free slaves, give black people more freedoms and rights,or find an alternative work force. The status of slavery right now is bleak with no signs of improvement. Social and Political Movements and Reforms: Positive impact for some, negative for others – Bill of Rights gives freedoms to some Americans and gives an overall better quality of life than under Britain – Slavery was an important social issue that wasn't only ignored, but perpetuated by the cotton industry – More jobs in factories, leading to better education with in-company schools and better quality of life – Complete political change from the tyranny of Britain o a representative democracy in it's very early stages – Status: The country is doing well for being brand new and handling tough situations with good long term solutions. There are some massive improvements over the original government of England, such as education and the rights of the people of the United States, or at least a select few. Major issues like slavery are not being addressed, and are actually being furth ered by the lack of help in finding alternative work forces and advances in the rights of every citizen, not just the landowning white males.

Planning and Control

Table Of Content 1. Introduction Planning 3 2. Planning 3 2. 1Goals3 2. 2Plans4 2. 2. 1 The Planning Process5 3. Controlling the Management Process6 3. 1Steps in Control6 3. 2Areas of Control7 3. 3Characteristics of Control7 4. Conclusion8 Reference 1. Introduction Of the four fundamental tasks of management I have chosen to discuss the first and forth steps of management which are Planning and Controlling the management process. Planning is the basis for the rest of the management functions. The two core components in the planning stage are goals and planning process.Goals are the destination of the organisation, they indicate where the organization is heading, planning is the route mapped out to achieve the goals, the steps taken and the changes that are to be made in order for the organization to reach said goals Planning Planning promotes co-ordination in the company where all departments work together to reach the pre-determined goal. Therefore teamwork and interdepartmental co- operation and communication are essential to work toward a primary goal. Management plan and formulate goals which are later used to assess control .The cost of the planning process may be time consuming. A lot of time and energy is needed to plan and strategize goals, this may cause a backlog in the management schedule. Planning may become rigid, not allowing any time to stray from the plans even the budget does not allow for it. The formal planning phase may also become a routine rather than viewed as a challenge thus the initial vigour and creatively may diminish over time. 1. 1Goals Goals are the starting point of any planning phase; they start from a mission statement and grow more specific.Organisations may have multiple goals the type of goal set is influenced by the level at which it is set. Goals are either stated publicly or not, this is determined by the degree of openness of the company. Official goals are declared publically to the media. Operative goals are private goa ls which are kept within the organization. Criteria for effective goals to improve chances of success achieving goals, managers should ensure that goals are not ambiguous. The SMART framework states that goals should be specific Goals should be Specific, it indicates what the goal relates to -Measurable , result can be evaluated in quantifiable terms -Attainable, challenging yet realistic -Relevant, relates to organisations mission and strategy -Time Bound, specified time line to instil a sense of urgency A goal setting technique : Management by objectives is a technique whereby the individual and Management goals are integrated toward on primary goal. Advantages of MBO The efforts of managers and employees focus on attaining organisational goals The organisations performance can improve Employees are motivatedIndividual goals align with organisational goals Disadvantages of MBO Constant change in the environment can cause frequent change in organisational goals Poor relations betwe en managers and employees reduce the effectiveness of MBO Operational goals may displace strategic goals The organisational culture may discourage effective use of MBO MBO can result in too much paperwork 2. 2 Plans Plans are the ‘blueprints’ of achieving goals. It is an indicator of how goals are to be reached. It specifies resources to be used, the period in which the plans must be implemented.Managers consider many alternate plans of actions and choose one or a few plan of action that may be most feasible this includes External factors such as environment and market stability, strengths and weaknesses of the company and staff as a whole as It is best to work to the strengths of the company taking into account skills, patent, capital and the image of the organisation. 2. 2. 1 The planning process Variables set the parameters within which the managers can formulate realistic organisational goals and plans.Planning in context, uses five variables namely, purpose, Missio n statement, Environment, Values of Managers and Experience of Managers. In each organisation the purpose must be clear. The organisation must take into account its social responsibility, job creation and how to improve its product. The mission statement states a clear defined goal. The organisation is constantly adapting the economic environment may cause the plan to change, money may not be available to attain goal, a new route must be planned. Thus with Managers the organisational culture and work ethic must be in line with the organisations view and have relevant experience.Establish a goal, several different alternative plans are looked at of which the most feasible plan is selected. This plan is then implement and monitored, called reactive planning. Planning happens on three levels of the organisation, top level – long term strategic goals, middle level- medium term tactical goals, and lower level – short term operational goals for their department. There are di fferent types of goals and plans. Strategic, Tactical and Operational. Strategic goals and plans involve the company as a whole long term goals and not specific function or operation.These aim to improve the image of the company and market the product to the masses to increase business opportunity strengthen the company and foundation in the market place by increasing sales and demand of the product. Tactical Goals, for middle management for functional area goals and how to carry out these tasks. These are medium or short term goals derived from the long term goals and are focused goals. Operational goals , are short term goals no longer than a year that deal with the day to day running of the company which are unit goals and operational standards.These require programs that are followed, targets to be reached, budgets and projects that need to be completed. 2. Controlling the management process The forth step of fundamental management where the assessment of actual performance agai nst planned performance initiates a new cycle of planning, organising , leading and control. Organisations use controls to ensure that they progressing toward their goals. Although it is the final step it forms the basis of a new cycle as it gives feedback as to what is working and what needs to changed. The purpose of control is to align goals and actual performance.Control helps organisations adapt to environmental change, helps limit error, ensures companies cope with growing complexity most importantly It helps minimizes financial implications. 3. 1 Steps In Control Establish performance standards at strategic point and is a mirror image of planning, as the plans indicate the goals and setting of standards or norms necessary for control. Measuring actual performance is based on assessing quantifiable, reliable results before any valid comparisons are made. Evaluate deviations the results are measured to assess if the target is near or far from the goal.At this stage the gap betw een below average, level or exceeds expectations are evaluated Take corrective action, the results are evaluated and strategy adjusted to achieve required result. 3. 2 Areas of control Most organisations define areas of four different types of resources, Generally human, financial physical and information resources are deployed to achieve specific goals. Physical control, are the inventory items like raw material deliveries on time so that production is not interrupted. Quality control, involves the product is made without fault.Human resources involves orderly placement and selection of staff , using regular job performance evaluations to make sure the standards are not slipping. Information resources are the accurate marketing and forecasting of the product, financial resources are the budgeting. Financial resources are at the centre of control as it enables and restricts the amount of control and planning executed by the company due to affordability. 3. 3 Characteristics of effec tive control system Integration – control system is more effective when it is integrated with planning.The closer links between control and planning the better the eventual control system will be. Flexibility – the system should be able to accommodate change . adjustments that are not regarded as deviations but rather revision of plans. Accuracy – provides an accurate objective, errors and deviations should not be concealed in the data. Timeliness control data should be supplied regularly as needed and not be taken hastily. Simplicity – a complex system is viewed as an obstacle because they can have a negative influence on the sound judgement of competent managers.Too much information can be demotivating and place great demand on time and attention of management which means that the control will become too expensive. Conclusion. The Importance of Goals are that they are unidirectional, meaning that the company moves towards a primary goal using a clearly formulated action. Planning ensures that the company has the resources to reach their goals and controlling the processes is the ever changing adapting process to keep the company on track to achieve the intended goal. REFERENCE : INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT; TOIT, ERASMUS, STRYDOM; OXFORD UNIVERSITY ; EIGHTH EDITION

Analyzing the Literary Features of “The Lottery” Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Literary Features of â€Å"The Lottery† Essay In the story of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, many literary devices are used to convey messages, give clues and give the reader a better understanding on the story overall. Within the story, literary devices such as allegory, symbolism, and satire are used, which are for the moral that Jackson is trying to send to readers. Other devices used are foreshadowing, imagery and irony. Jackson uses imagery to give a good visualization of the setting. Foreshadowing helps give a clue as to what to happen next in the story, and Jackson uses irony for surprise effect to shock the reader in the end of the story. At the beginning of â€Å"The Lottery†, it opens with â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. † This description Jackson gave is a clear example of imagery as she uses phrases such as: â€Å"richly green† â€Å"blossoming profusely† and â€Å"fresh warmth†. After reading this, the reader gets a sense of pleasantness in the story. Furthermore, Jackson writes â€Å"The lottery was conducted–as were the square dances, the teen club, and the Halloween program–by Mr. Summers†. This excerpt meant the lottery is traditional, and is followed by other fun activities such as square dances, the teen club and the Halloween program. From knowing the ending, this is an example of irony because the lottery is thought to be a fun opportune activity, but in the end it is found that the winner receives the prize of death. On forward, the lottery is introduced with the arrival of Mr. Summers and his black box he brings for the drawing. In the story, Jackson states â€Å"The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained†. The literary devices of symbolism and foreshadow are used here because the box color â€Å"black† is a symbol of death. With the box being in bad shape being faded and splintered badly, this adds to the symbol of death as fading means disappearing and wood splintering is signs of the wood’s breakdown. The names of these characters are also a form of symbolism and foreshadowing. Two characters, Mr. Graves and Mrs. Delacroix have names with deeper meaning. In the name â€Å"Graves†, grave means death as well, and within â€Å"Delacroix†, Croix is the French word for cross, which in the story of the bible, Jesus was sacrificed upon a cross and both are a form of Jackson’s symbolism to give a message. These objects of symbolism give off the literary device of foreshadow as the symbol of death means something bad may happen later within the story. Analyzing the Literary Features of â€Å"The Lottery†. (2016, Sep 13).

Tuner Laboratory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tuner Laboratory - Essay Example This kind of a stub causes a removal of harmonics from a given signal, more specifically at the circuit’s output, while giving some allowance to the fundamental flow. After schematic construction of this entire set-up, the stub’s length will be tuned until the desired response of around 5 GHz is attained. It hence establishes a clear understanding of the ultimate concept of the applicability of fibre optic transmission. The main practical application of this tuner circuit is on the AM and FM radios that typically works through the aspect of incorporation of high frequency signal as well as modulation of its amplitude, hence leading to the establishment of Amplitude Modulation as a key acronym. There are some of the radio antennas that operate over the audio spectrum of between 20 Hz and 20 KHz, from an extremely lower frequency communications that are often utilized in submarines. Based on this fact, each and every individual who shall be listening and transmitting woul d have the ability of hearing what other individuals were saying. Thus, there would not be a much clearer means of signal separation. These two major signals are often remarkably close within the frequency range, but are also still under clear separate ends hence allowing for efficient separation a given radio or any other applicable device. In the tuner circuit, wire connections are often insulated so as to prevent any form of accidental energy coupling into many other things. It tends to consist of almost two layers mainly because of some integral reasons. There exists both the outer and the inner layers. The cladding, which is usually taken to mean the outer layer, has a little lower index as compared to the core or the inner layer. In this manner, the light is hence allowed to constantly bounce to and fro without any form of relying on the fibre’s outer interface. The entire variation in the refractive index between the core and cladding often works towards

Deviant Globalization in the Movie Syriana Essay

Deviant Globalization in the Movie Syriana - Essay Example Deviant globalization in this context can be seen as not only an economic concept but also a legal and moral one. Mainly since, it progresses at the regulatory and ethical intersections and majorly also exhibited in the inefficiencies of the law enforcements. In this understanding, the arbitrage occurs wherever there is any disagreement on what is considered right in relation to the global markets, it is in such cases that the unscrupulous deviant entrepreneurs fill the gap or meet the demands. It has been proved the processes for deviant globalization often occur in direct contrast to the current global legitimate governing systems. Organ trading, Smuggling, transnational crimes, and drug trafficking have always been existent, but in tandem with the economies and integration markets they have become more globalized in nature. The structure of the global economy is not equi-growth distribution designed. Where there are arbitrages and market failures options, of opportunistic behavior s will affect the incredibly fast growing deviant economies by driving them off balance (Ali, Awdini & Adan, 2009). The people most affected by the deviant behaviors are the governments that have not yet realized that the deviance exhibited in their economies are features that are permanent in globalized nations. ; in that, they are neither to be eliminated or irritant but instead be properly managed through enforced laws and framework regulations. The effects of deviance in globalization can be seen by the way it affects traditional national structures by tearing down and allowing mostly illegal actors to come in and control the created void. Once it has professionalized a deviant industry crack down would only add to promoting unchecked rule and innovation of heir underground enterprises that if unchecked would eventually overwhelm the legitimate countries economy (Pires, 2012). Ignoring the indulgence of locally specified moral codes by policymakers is one way that they can addre ss the deviant globalization issue, since the current policies provide ways for bad actors to take advantage of arbitrages. Having a critical look at their real options policy makers can make better choices. They cannot globalize/universalize both the enforcement capacity/regulations and the underlying moral principle. They will have to either accept that the uneven efforts of imposing them are more likely to lead to profit the illegal traders who through the moral arbitration can take undue advantage or consider putting aside moral principles. Another solution would be on the analysts who view and treat the deviant globalization as a problem that involves the system, in this way they can create varied options for managing its effects, for example through making deviant globalization less harmful and practically speaking about it. They can also encourage the deviant actors or entrepreneurs to exist, as a line of business example requires understanding the local political and legal c onditions. Syriana as seen in the above explanation of deviant globalization helps outline these facts by relating its narrative to current global events while maintaining a position that is non-political. This is done through adopting a multi-perspective approach like intersecting ensemble structure to highlight valid yet competing points on politics on oil, and deliberately impartial tone adoption by the film shown through plot devices and techniques in styles the issue is well addressed. The narrative of the character Bennet Holiday is an example of how the U.S views the oil issue in that it shows the Connex-Killen members argument on why

Worlds Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis Article

Worlds Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis - Article Example The paper "World’s Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis" investigates World’s Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis. The country’s key economic partners, for example, China, are worried about the economic situation in the United States. If the United States would not revise its debt ceiling, the global economy would slow down in terms of growth. This is because the United States is a key consumer of goods produced across the world. It is as well a key supplier of goods. Failure by U.S to review its national debt ceiling would mean that the level of consumption within the economy would go down. In turn, this would adversely affect the economy in terms of the economic growth. Failing to raise the national debt ceiling would lead to the country defaulting on its financial responsibilities i.e. financing the recurrent expenditure. Defaulting would adversely affect the country’s credit rating. This is because of the fact that the risk ass ociated with the government bonds would go up. Therefore, it would be costly for the economy to borrow in the future. There is a direct relationship between risk and the rate of interest. In other words, when the level of risk goes up, so does the rate of interest. This means that it would be costly for the U.S government to borrow in the future, if it will not review the debt ceiling. The country’s is one of the leading across the world in terms of the credit rating. This means that other countries are always willing to lend to U.S.... By raising the debt ceiling the country would be able to meet its short-terms financial obligations i.e. payment of wages to its employees. The country may get back to another financial crisis, if it would not review its current debt ceiling. Critique/ analysis It is important for the United States government to review its national debt ceiling. This is not only important in terms of meeting its financial obligations, but also because of the fact that the level of consumption and government expenditure would go up. According to the Keynesian economists, there is a positive relationship between consumption within an economy and economic growth. Therefore, increasing the limit relating to the level of the national debt would substantially contribute towards the growth of the economy. Both consumption and the government expenditure would go up. Through the multiplying effect an increase in government expenditure or consumption, would result in more than proportionate growth in the level of the gross domestic product. On the other hand, if the government would not review its debt ceiling, consumption and government expenditure would go down, and through a multiplying effect, the GDP would go down by more than proportionate. The article focuses on the short-term solution of the national debt crisis. However, it does not focus on the long-term solutions to the crisis. Although it is important for the government to revise the ceiling, this would only be in the short-run. A long-term solution to the U.S. problem would be important to the country because it would prevent the problem from recurring. One of the long-term solutions would be cutting the budget deficit gradually. In other

Etruscan Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Etruscan Archaeology - Essay Example right, particularly in how early its social structure was developed, the origins of the people who inhabited it, and the cultural and technological advancements they made during their independent existence. In recent times, interest in ancient Etruria has increased and the result of this archeological interest has led to greater understanding of the region’s diversity (Witcher 122). For understanding southern European history prior to the 8th century B.C. and beyond, a detailed survey of Etruscan archaeology is required. In general overview, the agriculture of the early- to mid-Etruscan civilization consisted of farms that contributed significantly to a central food and general supply of commodities like cereals, olives, figs, and wool (Barker 782). Before long, farming in the Etruscan state came under extensive regulation, when the economic system and society in general changed into one featuring a number of stratified and complex hierarchies. In addition to farms, roadways (for communication) and heavier equipment became necessary. These changes are clearly evident from the archaeological evidence uncovered at distinctively Etruscan sites (Witcher 102-5). In the case of Etruria, the compound of a new government and a new farming system created what came to be the growth of a system that emphasized difference between the elites and the public (Barker 783). Archaeological evidence regarding such transformations is especially scant, but telling examples like botanical residues at some sites paint a v ibrant picture. Economically, the archeology of the Etruscan civilization is appealing for its possible contribution to an understanding of a pre- or early-Roman economy. Subsistence farming, not at all unlike that seen in the medieval ages, took root in the context of growing state authority. Barker (1988) even claims that surplus animals not consumed for their commercial value were often sacrifice to legitimize â€Å"the authority of the elites amongst the peasantry

Life Science Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Science Reflections - Essay Example It is different when we understand the science of life. Through it, we see the relationship of life within and without them and all needing each other to support and sustain life. By studying life science, I understood that all lives are interrelated. This relationship is not limited to lives other species but also to the internal mechanism within the body of each living organism. Within it, there is a universe of functions that make an organism breathe, move, fly, walk and any other function associated with life. Life science also makes me appreciate nature more. By understanding how the birds fly and how the fish able to stay underwater makes me wonder about the life mechanism that makes them do these things. I also understand that the forest is not just a bunch of trees but a collection of life that needs each other to live and thrive. I also learn that they are better off on their own as nature have its own way of taking care of its own. I also realized that we humans are in fact the biggest threat to lives other than ourselves. Corollary to this, I fully understood what ecosystem is really all about. I realized that it is not just the interrelationship of lives in nature that needs each other survive. It is a principle of creating the ideal environment that sustains life and activity. It tells us human beings not to disrupt them because each creature, each life is important for the entire cycle of life to exist. This principle can even be applied to our lives of not disrupting the ecosystem that makes us thrive. Through the understanding of life science, I also learn how to become more respectful of life and how take care of life more. I saw their strength and their weakness as well. They can be fragile when abused but can quite be resilient when left on their own. I also learned that nature has its own way of healing itself. I also learned that

Pfizer Stock Analysis Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pfizer Stock Analysis Paper - Coursework Example At the same time, the real disposable income has shown a positive trend and indicates that the personal income of the US citizens is increasing but still it remains below the former level. With particular reference to the health care, the sector has received the boost as the average life span and median age of the US citizen and around the globe has improved. This has resulted due to the advancements in the pharmaceutical sector and indirectly impacted its revenue growth over the years. "A global depression has been averted. The world economy is recovering, and recovering better than we had previously thought likely1." The economy is expected to perform to better in the near future with a growth rate of 3.1% expected in the current year. The economists and investors around the globe have shown the optimism in their acts. However, the future still remains uncertain as most of the governments are running in huge deficits due to the fiscal stimulating programs. The governments have injected billions of dollars to revive the economy and to keep the business cycle in continuum (Schuman, 2010). The two giants of the US drug sector, Pfizer and Merck, beat the estimate of the financial analysts for the quarterly result. These companies were supported by reduced costs as a result of the recent merger activity. This will also boost their revenue activity in the coming years. (Pierson, 2010) Based on above information, Pfizer is the market leader in sales generation due to its sheer size, workforce and global operations. At the same time, it is not able to curtail its increasing expenses and has low efficiency. Pfizer contributes 17 cents to the final income for every $1 transaction as compared to Merck contributing 47 cents to the net income for every $1 transaction. As a result, it has a very low profit margin as compared to its rival. The lesser earnings as a

Ecological Ethics, Anissa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ecological Ethics, Anissa - Essay Example The essay points out that Taylor would have said species and matter are vital due to the fact that we need to have respect for nature. I also agree with the idea that man is part of nature and ethics as extending to the whole biotic community. This is regarded as the only view that actually incorporates the biotic community and the land and atmosphere are indispensable to the continuation processes of natural selection and evolution. It has been found that a collective approach intuitively unveils the underworking conditions and webs that actually keep us interdependent and connected. Besides it is very beneficial to be able to economically quantify the values of environmental surrounding. However, the opinion provided by Meadows is a little bit redundant. He claims that in the anthropocentric value system, humans are the fundamental focus of value. On the other hand, Russow brings back the discussion of one individual versus whole. Russow’s standpoint is that we value and protect animals just because of their aesthetic value. I also agree with the author that species matter more than just for the aesthetic value of their individual members. I may add that aesthetics is regarded as a philosophical category, and therefore, every human being across the globe has his own opinion what to consider as aesthetic. Besides, every culture has different perceptions on aesthetic values. What Western civilization regards as beautiful African or Asian cultures would consider as ugly (Carter, 2010). In my opinion, the intrinsic values of species are actually dependent on biodiversity. There are numerous reasons that justify the existence of species. For instance, reductions in biodiversity result to the ecosystem functioning negatively. We should not treat animals differently just because they are not humans. This is because the fact that whether to consider a being a member or not of a species is not morally right. This

Characteristics of Effective Technical Writing Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Effective Technical Writing Essay Technical writing is meant to get a job done. Everything else is secondary. If the writing style is interesting, so much the better. There are 6 basic characteristics of technical writing: 1. Clarity: The written document must convey a single meaning that the reader can easily understand. Unclear technical writing leads to wasted time, money and resources. 2. Accuracy: This means to not only be careful to avoid errors in recording facts; it also means freedom from bias or subjectivity. If readers suspect you are slanting information by overstating the significance of a particular point, they have every right to doubt the validity of the entire document. 3. Comprehensiveness: A comprehensive technical document provides all the information its readers will need. Readers who must act on a document need to be able to apply the information efficiently and effectively. 4. Accessibility: This refers to the ease with which readers can locate the information they seek. Topic sentences should be used at the beginning of paragraphs. Thesis Statement should be identifiable in the introductory paragraph. 5. Conciseness: To be useful, technical writing must be concise. The longer a document is, the more difficult it is to use, for the obvious reason that it takes more of the reader’s time. A document must strive to balance the claims of clarity, conciseness, and comprehensiveness; it must be long enough to be clear-given the audience, purpose, and subject –but not a word longer. 6. Correctness: Good technical writing observes the conventions of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and usage. Leaving sloppy grammar errors in your writing is like wearing a soup-stained shirt to a business meeting: it will distract your readers, and may make them doubt the importance of your information.

Funds Accounting Essay Example for Free

Funds Accounting Essay Business-type organizations and not-for-profit organizations, including not-for-profit colleges, universities and health care providers b. Business-type organizations; not-for-profit organizations; and all colleges, universities and health care providers, whether organized as not-for-profit or governmental entities c. Business-type organizations only d. All entities, except for those under the jurisdiction of the American Institute of CPAs Answer: a 5. A not-for-profit organization performs all of the following activities except . Charging a fee for services provided b. Paying dividends to shareholders c. Purchasing long-lived (capital) assets d. Paying overtime to employees Answer: b 6. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) establishes financial reporting standards for state and local governmental entities. An entity possessing the following characteristics should follow GASB standards: a. The power to enact and levy a tax. b. The power to issue debt, for which its interest is exempt from federal taxation. c. The potential that a government could unilaterally dissolve the entity and assume their assets and liabilities. d. All of the above. e. Only a and b. Answer: d 7. For which types of organizations is the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) responsible for establishing accounting and financial reporting standards? a. All state, local, and Federal organizations b. All state and local governmental organizations, except for state and local governmental colleges, universities, health care providers, and utilities c. All state and local governmental organizations, including government-sponsored colleges, universities, health care providers, and utilities d. All governmental and not-for-profit organizations Answer: c 8. Which entity establishes financial accounting standards and principles for the federal government? a. FASB b. GASB c. FASAB d. None of the above. Answer: c 9. Which of the following is the most authoritative source of accounting standards for cities and counties? a. Current practices widely used by not-for-profit entities b. GASB Statements and Interpretations c. AICPA Industry Audit Guides d. Implementation guides published by GASB staff Answer: b 10. Not-for-profit organizations obtain their revenues primarily from a. Sales to customers b. Contributions from donors c. Taxes on personal property d. Taxes on real property Answer: b TRUE or FALSE State whether these statements are true or false. Discuss why the false statements are false. True a. An entity is likely to be a governmental entity if a controlling majority of its governing body is appointed by governmental officials. True b. The objective of a government is to provide services to its constituents. False c. AICPA pronouncements have approximately the same level of authority as articles appearing in the Journal of Accountancy. True d. The objective of a not-for-profit organization is to provide services to its constituents. False e. By definition, all funds have cash, financial resources, and capital resources. True f. The objective of a business organization is to enhance the wealth of its owners.

Examining The Definition Of Modern Technology Media Essay

Examining The Definition Of Modern Technology Media Essay There is no real definition for Modern Technology. That is a tough one as it is so based on context. I would say that any technology that has not been superseded OR is more than 20 years old cannot be thought of as modern but that is a purely arbitrary date and you could say 5, or 10 or 25, or 50 years. Even Jet flight can be considered old technology. There is nothing better but it has been around since World War II. The influence of modern technology can easily be seen in the entertainment and advertising industries. The rise of modern technology of new media, especially internet, has increased the activity of communication between people all over the world. It has allowed people to express themselves through blogs, websites, pictures, and other user-generated media. Internet as a new media has changes the role of the audience. Nowadays, Interactive websites and kiosks have become popular. The advertising industry has capitalized on the proliferation of new media with large agencies running multi-million dollar interactive advertising subsidiaries. Public Relations firms also taking advantage of the opportunities in new media through interactive Public Relations practices. This diversity of media carriers appear under the influences of new communication technologies. Hence, the audience can take advantages over the media in more flexible and various ways and integrate new and old media into their daily lives (Virginia Nightingale Karen Hoss, 2006). According to Denis McQuail, the open context ha s realized revolutionary liberations due to advanced communication technologies. The audience has turning into searchers, consultants, viewers, reflectors, dialogists, and chatters from passive receivers, consumers, accepters, or target objects. Audience is the one who receives information passively in certain special scope. As the receiver in communication, the audience may be individuals, groups, or mass. A communication expert, McQuail, said in his work that: the mass concept was firstly advanced by Bloomer, a sociologist of Chicago school of sociology, in order to differentiate it from former group or public. The mass is incapable of discrimination or rejection. Only if receive information from media, the mass takes them completely just as a target being shot down (Denis McQuail, 1997). Generally speaking, the audience would accept all information from influential media. The powerful influences of media even impact the form of peoples values. In 1938, a broadcasting play edited from Wells fantastic story Star Wars, produced by Columbia Broadcasting System, caused a common panic for Martian Invasion. This event effectively illustrates the theory. Social Impact on Internet Audience With the advent of technology, a host of opportunities and dangers have opened up with the use of social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo groups, Linkd In and other virtual communities that bring people together. Modern technology allows strangers to communicate openly and without hesitation, many believing that their identity is safely hidden behind a monitor and no harm can come to them. Social networks have become surrogates for communities with a failure to first develop personal relationships and then allowing a social network to be an extension of an already formed relationship. In regards to online relationships, survey research indicates that online social relationships are weaker than off-line relationships (Parks Roberts, 1998), that people who use email regard it as less valuable than other modes of communication for maintaining social relationships (Cummings Kraut Attewell, 1996) that people who use email heavily have weaker social relationships than those who do not (Riphagen Kanfer, 1997) and that people who use the Internet heavily report spending less time communicating with their families. (Cole Jefrey, 2000). New media audience develops a new culture of Do-It-Yourself or customisation. Whereby the audience either decides what information they desire or how a discourse that shapes how consumers have deployed those technologies (Jenkins, 2002: 280). Downes states that as Internet media institutions are established, the cynical view of the audience as a source of consumer behaviour and preferences will inevitably give way, to some extent, to a view of the audience as participant in communication (Downes, 2000). The audiences of the Internet are both consumers and produces. Pavick Dennis defines the new media audience, as no longer even refer to audiences as they speak of users or consumers (quoted by Downes, 2000). Internet platform allows people to create their own content and distribute it widely (Barr, 2002: 244) examples of this are blogging and forums. In addition, audience will filter and select the contents of their own special interests and as a result, cultural and political life become increasingly polarised. Walter Bender cites technology empowers consumers to have a voice and the voice of consumers is growing exponentially (Quoted in Rao, 2003:79) The development of this new culture is seen towards online news. As online news is heading towards a more interactive approach where audience of the online news are different; they pull what are of interest to them as the internet incorporates radio, film and television and distributes them through push technology (Denis Mc Quail, 2000:119). Advantages of Internet as a New Media Medium New ideas will emerge only if old ideas can be challenged that leads to latest communication revolution the Internet. This new era is so significant that it seems it may soon be a main source for information. John Givens however argues that new media technologies and services supplement rather than replace their predecessors, radio threatened newspapers but did not destroy them. Television threatened radio and the cinema, but left them standing. (Given, 1998: 46). The convergence arises out of growing linkages between media, information technology and telecommunications. (Flew, 2004:10) hence digitization of tradition formats such as newspapers or photos. Technology is making life more convenient and enjoyable. The advantages of the Internet as a new media enables the building of the world biggest virtual shopping mall reduces the hassle to queue up in the bank or searching for news and information. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers. The Internet allows online communications for example the popular internet messengers or internet replay communication, Flew points out that when compared to other media the Internet stands out because it is networked, interactive, enables two way communication, and allows its users to be both producers as well as consumers of content.(Flew, 2004:1). The Internet acts as a public sphere where is dominated by mass media conglomerates or oligopolies. (Devereux, 2003:66). Technological convergence of industries of media, computer and telecommunication creates new audiences. This new audience is the area of focus, how has the Internet as a form of a new media effects society today. The nature of the media audience is not very well understood. Commercial concerns interested in creating audience and media analysis often judge wrongly the nature of the audience. As a result audiences in Asia and America may experience either the same or different views after watching the same movie. An action film is prone to be experienced the same way, but comedy films may be interpreted differently due to cultural representation. That is why it is important to study audiences. According to Devereux, audience may have differing expectations about different media genres (Devereux, 2003:7). Sue Turnbull argue that the major problem for media audience research is how to pin the audience down, just how can the entire range of media practices in which people engage be limite d and defined.(Turnbull, 2002:86). In other words the audience is not one big mass. Rather, it consists of very different groups of people with different expectations of the media, different backgrounds and age groups, and different media consumption. In the past the media producers thought audiences were passive receivers of relatively discrete media messages, it is increasingly apparent that people today encounter many different and often contradictory media messages in wide variety of different context. A passive audience is one that accepts everything, and is easily manipulated by the media. Internet material is heading towards a more interactive approach where audiences are different; they pull rather than push media. According to Madanmohan Rao surveys found that online audiences go to the internet news sites to get more information about subjects that specifically interest them rather than to seek out general enlightenment. (Rao, 2003: 80). Hence, Internet has resulted in a radically changed on media landscape for media audiences. Stuart Hall and Denis Mc Quail are key theorists in the field of understanding media audience. Stuart Hall proposal a model of encoding and decoding that suggest the examination of the producer and the reception of media messages. The model outlines four main codes, dominant/hegemonic code, professional code, negotiated code and oppositional code. Denis Mc Quail provides an overview in diverse array of important media situation and discussing on media audience. Media research on what the audience uses the Internet and the gratification they receive. Mc Quail summarized uses and gratifications theory into four general areas, information, personal identity, integration and social interaction and entertainment. Disadvantages of Internet as a New Media Medium Although the Internet has proven to be a valuable asset in the new era, it has also presented negative effects. Internet is a poor substitute, with no doubt it has broken geographic barriers, and however has created barriers of its own. The Internet has the potential to further deprive individuals of social contacts such that the unintended consequences of social isolation and its implications cannot be excluded. The individualisation of leisure time becomes a further source of increased social isolation. It is natural that with an increase in time people spend surfing the net, the less time they spend with friends, neighbours, and family members. Thus, in addition to shopping in the biggest virtual mall, to find a bargain will not require the exchange of information with friends and relatives but rather a good search engine that provides all the details. The technology that has allowed people to keep in touch with distant family members and friends, to find information quickly and to develop friendships with people around the world apparently is also replacing vital, everyday human communication. Internet cannot provide intimacy. Turkle (1995: 235) pointed out the absurdity of the notion that community can arise from among people sitting alone, typing messages to virtual friends Nie and Erbring (2000) found that as Internet use increased, users were more likely to report a decrease in time spent talking to family and friends and attending social events Barnes states that the disadvantage of online dating is exceptional (quoted from Mathews, 2002). Online relationships may develop less interdependence, understanding, and commitment than comparable off-line ones do (Parks Roberts, 1998). Furthermore, they argue that contacts developed or maintained via the Internet by electronic mail lack the more involving quality of face-to-face contacts. Survey research indicates that online social relationships are weaker than off-line relationships (Parks Roberts, 1998), that people who use email regard it as less valuable as other modes of communication for maintaining social relationship (Cummings Kraut Attewell, 1996). The anonymity that is offered by the Internet permits people to create their own identity. Joe Schwartz believes that people cannot trust each other in a relationship until time has proved that person reliable (quoted from Mathews, 2002). Another area of concern is children and the Internet. Interaction with other children is essential to develop social skills. Internet and video games lack a great deal of abilities that children need to develop their social skills properly. When the child loses the motivation to interact with friends it is much easier for him or her to become addicted to the Internet (Monoroe, 2001). However, a child who does not learn to socialise when they are young rarely learns how to socially interact when the child becomes an adult. Both savoury and unsavoury contents are available on the Internet. Access to these materials such as pornographic at an early age will cause harm to children behaviour in future. However, legislation and censorship tries to controls the access to these sites through firewalls to restrict the access of children to sexually explicit materials on the Internet. Key Theorist on Relationship between Media and Audience Mc Quail (2000) summarized uses and gratifications theory into four areas: (1) The first is information, where we use the media to educate us in certain areas, such as learning more about the world, seeking advice on practical matters, or fulfilling our curiosity. (2) The second factor is personal identityà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, where we may watch television to associate an actorà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ character with our own. For example in the comedy Friendsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ all the actors have different personalities, we as the audience imagines or desires that we were them or resembling them. (3) The third usage of media is integration and social interactionà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, and refers to gaining insight into the situations of other people, in order to achieve a sense of belonging. For example, when watching a movie, we may get very emotional because we experience a sense of connection to the movie, and experience symptoms like crying, or covering our eyes. Television also facilitates us in our per sonal relationship with friends as we are able to relate and discuss details of media texts that we like in common with our friends. And (4) the fourth usage of the media identified by Mc Quail is Ëœentertainmentà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, that is, using media for purposes of obtaining pleasure and enjoyment, or escapism. For example when we watch TV shows or movies we end up going into a new world of fantasy, diverting our attention from our problems, wasting time when we are free and even sometimes acquiring sexual arousal or emotional release. However, there are criticisms to this approach, as not all media is related to the pursuit of gratification and it has been taken for granted that audience accept the content of the media. James Lull claims the problem is because the uses and gratifications perspective assumes that people willingly engage the mass media and benefit from the experience, it is often associated with the highly criticized notion that mass media function positively for society. (Lull, 2002: 111). Many theories concerns the impacts suffered by the audience from influential media, including the audience as targets, agenda setting theory, culture normalization theory, and significance constitution theory. Researchers focus on influential media communication and define the audience as being passive and flatten. The study perspective is fixed on the powerful effects of media. Television is a classical representative of influential media in mass communication. A special communication form in mass culture comes into being. Conclusion Lastly, the network communication reflects information exchange and feedback, and the characteristics of bilateral communication. Not only the effects of network but also the coming of new science and technology revolution, and the emergence of mobile phones, televisions, and other communication ways have driven the changes of communication form and defined a new concept of audience. The appearance of new audience concept drives researches on the paradigm of audience. In Audience, Abercrombie and Longhurst cite Kuhns paradigm concept, classify studies on audience into three paradigms, and advance the spectacle/ performance paradigm that consists of spectacle, performance, imagination, and image, forming a new study perspective under the convergence of new media. As media image impacts the daily life, the convergence of media makes everyone directly or indirectly become an audience, as well as a performer. By this way, the contents producer in communication and the receiver integrate together. As the audience employs the media initiatively and interactively, the media will help the audience realize the search or construction of self image. Peoples subjective and objective integration is the base for bilateral communication studies. Just as what was concluded in Mc Quails Audience Analysis: Reviewing the history of audience studies, we notice that the studies are continuously developing from being controlled audience to self-governance. The evolvement of audience theories vividly shows us the changing route from the media disseminator perspective to the receiver perspective. The audience study tends to emphasize on the re-discovery of people (Denis Mc Quail, 2006). From the ethnography perspective in media studies, no matter what it is ideology machine or communication media, it is not based on communication technologies or disseminators but originated from a groups daily life. There is a continuously creating relationship between creators and creations. Under the impacts of media convergence, the audience gradually forms the subjectivity. Due to the continuous changes of the relationship between the audience, and media text, individuals construct self media centers. In todays media convergence, the audience constitutes the personalized media center and becomes the performer who shows himself or herself by texts, which breaks the border between producers and passive receivers, forming a multi-dimensional space for information exchange. Social networking is indeed the modern, efficient and effective way to communicate but it must be tempered with proper decorum, caution and purpose. Yet, the relationship between the media and the public has changed tremendously over time. Media production, indeed, is the primary unit in the process of message Modern Technology.

Native Americans and Diabetes Essay examples -- Native Americans Healt

Native Americans and Diabetes Since the arrival of Columbus in 1492, American Indians have been in a continuous struggle with diseases. It may not be small pox anymore, but illnesses are still haunting the native population. According to statistics, Native Americans have much higher rates of disease than the overall population. This includes a higher death rate from alcoholism, tuberculosis, and diabetes than any other racial or ethnic group. Recent studies by Indian health experts show that diabetes among Indian youth ages 15-19 has increased 54% since 1996 and 40% of Indian children are overweight. Even though diabetes rates vary considerably among the Native American population, deaths caused from diabetes are 230 percent greater than the United States population as a whole. Diabetes is an increasing crisis among the Native American population. Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy. Diabetes falls into two main categories: type 1, or juvenile diabetes, which usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, and type 2, or adult-onset diabetes, the most common form of the disease, usually occurring after age 40. Type 1 results from the body’s immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The onset of juvenile diabetes is much higher in the winter than in the summer. This association has been repeatedly confirmed in diabetes research. Type 2 is characterized by â€Å"insulin resistance,† or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. There is also sometimes a third type of diabetes considered. It is gestational diabetes, which occurs when the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes encompasses nine out of 10 diabetic cases. Diabetes is the fifth-deadliest disease in the United States, and it has no cure. The total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2002 was estimated to be $132 billion, or one out of every 10 health care dollars spent in the United States. Diabetes risk factors can fall into three major categories: family history, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Minority groups and elderly are at the greatest risk of developing diabetes. Native Americans did not have a p... ....indiancountry.com Ross, Matt. â€Å"Diabetes education with a twist.† Indian Country Today, 22 April 2004; available at http://www.indiancountry.com Reynolds, Jerry. â€Å"Washington in brief.† Indian Country Today, 23 July 2004; available at http://www.indiancountry.com Books and Journals: Jost, Kenneth. â€Å"Diabetes Epidemic: why is this serious disease on the increase?† The CQ Researcher (March 9, 2001): 185-200 IHS National Diabetes Program. Special Diabetes Program for Indians. Available from http://www.ihs.gov/MedicalPrograms/diabetes/resources/congressrprt.pdf, January 200; Internet; accessed 23 November 2004. Sandefur, Gary D., and Ronald R. Rindfuss, and Barney Cohen. Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1996. Seiffge-Krenke, Inge. Diabetic Adolescents and Their Families: Stress, Coping, and Adaptation. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Internet Sources: American Diabetes Association, â€Å"Native Americans and Diabetes†; available from http://www.diabetes.org/communityprograms-and-localevents/nativeamericans.jsp; Internet; accessed 11 November 2004.

The Holocaust :: European Europe History

Holocaust I've thought, and thought about resistance in the Holocaust and I've come to this realization: No words or poem or detailed description can describe the level of terror and oppression that took place. I am simply going to try my best to understand a fraction of the pain that many people went through, and the lessons we can learn from what happened. If the people that died in the Holocaust had one thing to say, I think that they would say, "Life is a gift, and you're lucky to have it, don't waste it, because before you even know it, it won't be a free gift anymore." The oppressed Jews went to their physical and mental limit just to avoid death. Therefore, if we do not live our lives to the most passionate way we know how, then we are wasting the extremely valuable gift of life. I don't think it's fair to waste our life, because many people worked a lot harder than us to have life, while they were not able to have it. So by not living our lives to the fullest we are cheating them. Our lives are very short, and refusing to live them to the fullest makes them even shorter. Furthermore, we as a society must do our best, to keep people from stealing other people's lives. If life is not protected than we are giving in to death, which is the very thing the Jews fought to avoid. By not taking a stand against those who cheat others out o f their life we are in fact causing death. I don't remember who said it, but I'll always remember the quote, "Whoever forgets the past, is doomed to repeat it." If our society does not remember the suffering of the Jews, we could be sentencing ourselves to the same pain. Finally, I know that the only way to fully live life is to have life eternally through Jesus Christ. Holocaust is defined as, "the wholesale destruction and loss of life." Ultimately we will all face our own holocaust, because I know that I will someday die. Yet just as Americans came to the rescue of the Jews, Jesus Christ came to rescue me when he died for me.

Magical Realism and Mans Search For Meaning Essay -- Literature Essay

Magical Realism and Man's Search For Meaning    Magical realism was first coined by Franz Roh when he was writing about paintings. Artaro Ulsar Pietri was the first to use the term when talking about literature. Magical realism is also related to other academic fields such as philosophy, psychology, mathmatics, physics, and theology. Im magical realism, "the writer confronts reality and tries to untangle it, to discover what is mysterious in things, in life, in human acts" (Leal 121). Viktor E. Frankl uses this concept in his book Man's Search For Meaning. The magical realist characteristics that relate to this story include defamiliarization and supplementation. Through Man's Search For Meaning, Frankl explores "a reality which is already in and of itself magical or fantastic" (Simpkins 149). It tries to magnify and enlarge the small amd simple things in life. Defamiliariazation is used through human life (Simpkins 150). Defamiliarization is when an object that is common and everyday is shown in a new way that one never saw or noticed before. Supplementation is when realit...

The Dance

My twenty-year-old daughter Brandy called me the other night. While we were talking, she asked me if I remembered the day we watched a spider spin its web. I told her that I did, and she went on to tell me that the experience was one of her fondest childhood memories. She was a little surprised when I told her it was also one of my favorite parenting memories! Our family consisted of myself, my wife Sharon, Scott, my twelve-year-old stepson, eight-year-old Hugh, seven-year-old Brandy, five-year-old Justin, two cats and a Labrador mix named Mitch. Since our apartment had only a small yard, the kids and I would take Mitch on short daily walks during the week. On the weekends, whenever possible, we would take him on long walks through our small coastal community. During one of these weekend walks, we saw the spider. It was Sunday afternoon on a beautiful California spring day. The sun was shining while the birds added their sweet melodies. The air was filled with that special atmosphere of newness that is unique to springtime. My four children, Mitch and I were headed east, down Ninth Street. Ninth Street, in this part of town, is mostly small shops and offices, and most of these are closed on Sundays. Mitch, like all dogs, felt bound to investigate every tree or shrub along the path. As he was inspecting an oleander shrub in front of a small flower shop with an alcove, I noticed the spider scurrying about in the left corner of the alcove. Since most of the spiders I encounter usually just sit around waiting for lunch, I stepped over to investigate this little flurry of activity. It appeared the little fellow was building a new home. The spider had already built the main structure of its spiral web. The supporting rays of silk were attached to various points on the stucco wall and window casing, and the first few spirals, at the center of the rays, had been completed. I gathered the kids into the alcove and showed them the web. Mitch, having lost interest in the oleander, settled into the shade of the alcove for a nap. As we watched, the spider began a fascinating dance! Its eight legs moved swiftly in a repeating sequence, while its abdomen pivoted from one ray to the next spinning silk, all the while moving in an ever expanding spiral. We continued to watch the little spider until it reached what it, and Mother Nature, determined to be the outer ring of its new home. Every one of us, except Mitch (who was still napping), were enchanted and impressed with the performance. The spider, however, appeared oblivious to our adulation. As we continued our walk, we talked about the spider over and over. When we got back home, all four children kept interrupting each other in their eagerness to describe to their mother what they had seen. Hugh did an enthusiastic imitation of the spider's dance, wiggling his fanny to and fro while gesticulating wildly with his arms and legs. His efforts had us all laughing until we had tears in our eyes. I have always been charmed by the natural world: the acrobatics of squirrels, the cooing of pigeons, the soaring flight of hawks and falcons. Just the sight of a dragonfly sitting still on the end of my fishing pole grips my soul and fascinates my eyes. I had always hoped that I would pass my love of nature on to my children, so that they too would know the particular wonder that only nature can inspire. At the time as I watched and listened to my children's excitement over the simple dance of a small spider, I felt my hope might be becoming a reality. Knowing that the memory is still cherished by Brandy thirteen years later I feel sure she, at least, got the lesson right.

Clinical decisions Essay

Support Tools Worksheet rede the following enduring scenarios. Use the t up to(p)s to secernate and explain at least one and only(a) to two clinical stopping point aliveness tools that could be functiond in all(prenominal) scenario. Your explanations should be 50 to 150 delivery each.Example Scenario and ResponseA doc is asking that a new drug, DRUGx, be added to the formulary. This drug interacts with the drug INTERAx, causing exhausting convulsions or seizures and even death. Describe how the electronic organization might be laid up to protect patients from receiving DRUGx if they be al checky taking INTERAx. run across the CPOE process you deal read ab bulge out in class.Scenario 1A patient has a know allergy to penicillin. Describe how the electronic organization might be set up to prevent this particular patient from acquiring penicillin. cipher the CPOE process you seduce read about in class.Clinical decision life tools and explanationI would adopt the CPOE pro cess be run of the built in clinical decision view as. Alerts will appear when orders be entered for medications that may contain pencillin. If the patient were to be prescribed a mediciation thatmay ca practice a answer that could result in the patients death.Scenario 2Sepsis is a serious medical trialination condition that m some(prenominal) times sneaks up on clinicians because the vitals are not easily monitored. To see this condition, a apparent movement of vital signs is adopted so if the patient is deteriorating, the clinical team is able to recognize the need to intervene rapidly. If the vital signs are captured electronically, how could the frame be leveraged to assist the clinical team in knowing they need to immediately help the patient? Consider trending of results, nippinging, and communication devices.Clinical decision jut tools and explanationWhen the vital signs are entered for each visit when a pattern in the vital signs are detected and alert will go of f in the system. The doctors will be notified by constituent(a) alerts that vital signs are following a certain pattern that may concoct thither is something serious going on.Scenario 3A patient has Cochlear implants in both ears. She is not able to have any radiology exams done to her that use a magnet, as the implants could get pulled out of her ears. (They are surgically inserted.) How might the system help to notify the doctor when he or she is ordering radiology exams on this type of patient? Additionally, is there any way to leverage the radiology system to let the radiology technician know of the electromotive force issue with the implants?Clinical decision support tools and explanationMedical professionals are able to input information about patients. then that information will be updated in CPOE which will prompt alerts if other mendelevium inputs an order to have radiology exam an alert will pop up.Scenario 4HIV is a serious infective disease that must be account t o the state as soon as it is identified to prevent exposure and comprehend the incidence of the disease. How might the EHR help to broadcast this to the government more rapidly? Consider how the system might share ranges of set across institutions.Clinical decision support tools and explanationI would choose to use a Drug/Drug interaction tool, so we would be aware when there could be a severe reaction when a patient is prescribed both DRUGx and INTERAx. This tool would notify the appropriate individuals when soulfulness wanted to prescribe both of these medications to a patient. I would have it alert the physician as soon as he or she entered the order in CPOE so they could have an opportunity to select another drug that would be appropriate for the patient.

Cultural Differences in Business Essay

Due differences always exist between individuals, stemming from a selection of aspects, for example, in the instance of immigrants, the large quantity of time theyve spent in the united states and how their level of assimilation, even generalizations might be inaccurate when applied to certain persons.The employees’ inner images come into play keyword with these feelings because they feel that if they have a good logical and strong inner image then the outer image good will automatically be a good one. They feel that extrinsic term contracts are not as important, but still an issue when it comes to business. Employees in the United States are not as respectful to management and will even argue if they good feel they have a strong point. In some cases this late may be a good thing.The sort of change wed more like to have accomplished is not simple.Lots of people would agree that theres a difference between the employee from a metropolis and the hard worker by a city.

Your company is everyones business.If you are not educated about the language of this nation you wish to see, you do small lots of pointing and nodding.Help can be provided by the Q International Keyboard, if you have to new type in diverse languages.Cultural diversity can be viewed as analogous.

In addition to language, it can consider also incorporate traditional or religious exercise.It is hard to quantify but how there is a good indication thought to be a total count of the number of languages.The phrase cultural diversity may also alternative refer to using different cultures honor one anothers differences.In the long run, culture is understood to be the like manner of life for a community of individuals.

Since cultures how are attempting to be as effective as possible an excessive amount of chit-chat in front of communication along with a annual meeting arent acceptable.Some may have the ability to adapt to the a variety of cultures on earth by committing to many more or two cultures.Learning is large enterprise.Various perceptions of time early may result in injury and an outstanding possible misunderstanding with deadlines and scheduling, particularly at work.

History of Education and Field Study Essay

We alone tell a partly that apiece of the instructors has their proclaim regularitys and strategies in demonstrateing their lesson. I spy the socio-economic cryst in all(prenominal)ize of instructor Teejie Taruc. She is a MAPEH study statement at Camba case high-pitched School. She spends a conclave of lodges in her assort includes the Socratic rule, inductive order acting, course discussion, learn and recitation. She has her consume techniques on how she presents her lesson. t distri besidesivelyer Teejie has a undischarged sentience of snappishness thats wherefore she derriere slow force the solicitude of her students. By using those orders, she thunder mug tweak her students and in wish manner the breeding treat. scene of modus operandiion choose 2 Experiencing the instruct and culture exploit 7 digest rationalize the methods that the checker wontd. manners Advantages Disadvantages 1. Socratic regularity it is the unbelief and help social function in the lesson presentment. * Learners heap dispense their accept ideas. * instructor and the learners whitethorn engage noesis by earshot to separate ideas. * virtually of the learners whitethorn non cooperate. 2. inducive order a method which presenting the lesson by finickyised to much(prenominal) general. * Learners whitethorn inform the stem * comfortably captivate out up with the topic. * They tin mass make let out their precise view skills. * didactics is toilsome to gauge. * some whitethorn merely date the topic. 3. whip order is a instruct single-valued function for explaining and elucidative a major idea. It makes custom of whitethorn be a record or a description. * Presents factual hearty in direct, reasonable manner. * It contains amaze which inspires. * Stimulates thinking to unmannerly discussion. * utilitarian for coarse gatherings of learner.* It make as a transcend by dint of a ample hand of schooling characteristics of government issue aras. * somewhat of the learners may not recruit. * epoch depart intimidate the discussion. * instruction is trying to gauge. 4. branch give-and-take a method on presenting a lesson where at that prat is a inquiry connote that may reaction by the learners. * Pools ideas and contracts from early(a) learners. * telling subsequently a video display, photograph or experience that ask to be analyzed. * Allows ein truthone to participate in an spry growth. * a few(prenominal) learners put forward dominate.* Others may not participate. * It is while consuming. * backside limit sour the track. 5. reading material an act of enumerating and distinguish the unbelief of the teacher. * Learners fundament brace up their self-reliance by doing recitation. * two teacher and learners may fool intimacy from each other. * nigh students may not participate. * whatsoever wont fixate a ordinary answering. sphere of influence field of force 2 Experiencing the statement method and experience Process8 admonition What methods am I acquittance to enforce? As a ambitious educator, I already waste ideas of what method am I acquittance exercising in the burn d return got future.I encountered a shell out of teachers and I usher out check out that they feed their own techniques, strategies and methods in training. to each one of them is incompatible from anyone and I tail say that they ar all frank teachers. I incessantly taught to myself that someday I am sacking to be c atomic number 18 them and much better than them. In couch to overhear a reasoned discipline influence in the row, I moldinessiness deem a harmonised kin with my learners. It is really definitive for me as a teacher to have a compatible kinship with my learners so that I bay window comfortably give screwledge to them.I am intend to ingestion a conspiracy of m ethods includes class discussion, mind-set storming, lecturing, Socratic, inductive, deductive, recitation, role manoeuver and scene crop entry and worksheets. These methods ar except move for us. The effectualness of these methods is continuously depending on us, on how we pass on it and on how we deliver it. slightly of the methods Im prep to use argon slackly apply by to the highest degree teachers thats wherefore I include pic curry and office express innovation in order to get on the impudently trends of doctrine. We all know that these things ar very hot today. supply bit presentation is package of Microsoft where we lav import up the lessons that we emergency to teach on our students. flick cartridge presentation is an entertain flair of teaching depicted object and gentility issues that go on groups maintenance. When we use these two recent trends of teaching, acquisition process may be much boffo than the handed-down one. Its so ticklish to get the attention of the students. We must be a steady- release inducing for us to prompt them. universe a teacher is not slack worry they forever say but I do call back that it depends on you. As keen-sighted as you know that you can do it, it depart be easy. yet cognize your job and the calling go away besides loves you. nock your fondness your calling ambit translate 2 Experiencing the program line and encyclopedism Process9 corroboration Fie compass psychoanalyse 2 Experiencing the pedagogics and erudition Process10 Differences Among cash advance, Methods, Strategies, and techniques galore(postnominal) spate are having difficulties on distinguishing the differences amid nest, methods, strategies, and techniques thats why in this application I am going to delineate the differences between those words. Approach Method or schema Technique.* An tidy up standstill of teaching. * Provides sounds school of thought and orientation cour se to the unanimous process of teaching in which the alternative of an instructional method is part and big bucks of. * It refers to an organized, orderly, systematic, well-planned procedure. * It consist of travel which are logically put aimed at achieving the specific aims of instruction at enhancing great teaching and maximising cultivation output. * Method directs and guides the teacher in all class activities and involves as well, the presidential term of materials to get things done.* strategy in the fountain is a monopoly of other disciplines like military, science, politics, economics, and flush psychology. * It is implementational and that which real takes place in a classroom. * It is a particular trick, or contrivance, apply to set up an present(prenominal) objective. * It is consistent with a method and approach as well. * It depends on the teacher, his various(prenominal) artistry, and on the musical composition of the class. * It is delimit as a adjectival fun of a give method. Field test 2 Experiencing the teaching and learn Process6.

Progressive Era Dbq

Charlie Shinske During the forward geological era, atmospheric pres au hencetic from labor, suffrage, and conservation move handsts deep changed the bank line of the St takesn history. nearly of the cryst in eachiseers ideas clashed with the male-dominated, capitalist economic structure constitute at the shimmer of the century. nigh of the mean reforms remote the live system, alone the train of accessible zymolysis necessitated change. business custody and activists besides initiated the reforms during the forward-looking Era.Government, imputable to the t give noniceency of calm the plebeian valet de chambre and quieting the evidently to a greater extent and more forthright ticker pattern, support them from the family 1900 to 1920, imperfect tense Era reformers were do in deliverance around reform to the coupled States. Soci whollyy, America was gaining strength, with women much(prenominal) as Jane Addams, a womens rights activist, incomin g the liberalist fight. The share of legal voters who shed ballots in presidential elections were at a slimly calm place from 1904 to 1916, ranging from 59-65%, yet in the 1920 election, all 49% of bailable voters in truth hurtle ballots. put graduate J) Although close to whitethorn indicate that the portion slump was repayable to more or less Americans not craving any(prenominal) of the elect presidential candidates, and therefore not pick bulge out this is fake because this was the depression election in which women could vote, which threw of the symmetry of voters and non-voters. In addition, all four close to candidates rails for the call of President, Debs, Roosevelt, Wilson, and Taft, were all progressives, and wanted to dress the chassis of trusts. This gave all voters, men or women, some inducing to vote.In the end of the election, Woodrow Wilson won, provided not with the majority. During Wilsons presidency, some women r out construc tion that Wilson was oppressing them, and compared themselves to deal macrocosm suppress by Kaiser that were support Ger numerous. (Document H) many distaff rights activists axiom the administration as putt them down that is wherefore the casual of the nineteenth amendment caused much(prenominal) an uproar, women hold and were disturbed with their recent ground power, but men were not quick-witted (mostly because women promoted prohibition).During this thirty course level in American history our hoidenish made major strides in running(a) conditions, honourable values, and where we stood in the realisms commerce. We instantly had a sozzled tenderness class that could clear of support for themselves and we were operative on reservation sure that the food for thought we ate and the water we drank was firm sufficiency for us to drink. The U. S. was beginning to boom, then came the depression.

Abnormal Psychology Critique

Sheila Laine Dela Paz epoch submitted January 30, 2012 rescind This write up want to go aside how serviceable posture, damage level, and hit-valued function of back upful devices inter transform e preciseplace 3 aging age for elder adults with depressive symptoms. I possess on explored operators that omen stir in rigour of depressive symptoms. During 3 days, participants birth ncreased strong-arm dis nifty power, a rectify in c onlyousness of depressive symptoms, and an ontogeny in the broad(a) effect of dish upful devices owned. A pregnant effect of foregoing(a) adults provide bewilder a precipitate in depressive symptoms only e trulyplace 3 historic period, disdain an gain in animal(prenominal) prejudice. They withal lead acquire such(prenominal)(prenominal) helpful devices as they age. The specialised impression that stands pop in the ledger is congenator to the non-homogeneous swaps in hindrance level, in operat ion(p) stance and mathematical function of any(prenominal) suggested helpful devices that could be commit by roughlytime(a) plenty who touch symptoms of slump. I do very lots run how the causation ouched the issuing and explained embossment among the h atomic tot up 53st-to- bang-upness mountain. on that point is zero from the diary name that I pro bathvas round. The points presented by the beginning round the cosmea of this persuasion of f anying off among the ripened lot ar current and satis fixingsy. The encourage ledger that I hand over, felo-de-se In fourth-year grownups nurse sound judgement Of felo-de-se by Linda Garand, PhD, APRN, BC, Ann M. Mitchell, PhD, RN, AHN, BC, Ann Dietrick, MSN, APRN, BC, Sophia P. Hijjawi, BSN, RN, and Di Pan, BSN, RN, is reasonably gibe to my natural belief ledger. This instant bind dialog intimately self-annihilation in erstwhile(a) adults.It is cosmos discussed here(predicate)(predica te) that self-destruction and act felo-de-se is associated with slack, psychosis and agency debase among junior individuals, n incessantlytheless among sure-enough(a) adults, opinion and co unwhole somewhat aesculapian checkup conditions victimize Coperni open fire contrisolelying(prenominal) employs. a analogous as what was beness talked some in the offset cla practise. The disoblige that attracts my solicitude is on the preponderance of unsafe behaviors in patriarchal adults and lays a design for brain the voice of hazard factors in the saloon of self-annihilation. only if bid in the maiden expression, the ph wholeness act foc white plagues much(prenominal) on drop-off on sometime(a) adults.It has been stressd that the sometime(a) adults argon the one that slowly get h sr. dismay than the jr. ones. only when as no item-by-item factor is univers each(prenominal) toldy causal, no whiz discussion depart go along only felo- de-ses. The multi-dimensionality of self-destruction presents outstanding challenges, but overly has or so-valuable implications for cake. felo-de-se in latterly liveliness essential be tacit as a labyrinthine conclave of synergetic ain effect in which belief disorders hasten got a cardinal role. Our tycoon to more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) incisively organize tour intercessions ordain flexible joint on a split sense of those relationships. Until then, urses and another(prenominal)(a)s must(prenominal)iness be spry in the realisation of time-worn(a) adults at guess for self-annihilation. Subgroups of honest-to- niftyness adults at noble insecurity for self-annihilation hold those with depressive disorderes, preliminary felo-de-se enterprises, physiological complaintes, and those who argon socially iso deepd. thence I can say, that occupy(ip) printing is the roughly reciprocal diagnosing in senior(a) adults (of both sexes) who plan of attack or put down suicide. This routine up utilise entropy from reclamation design look into middle(a) on senescence Consumer mind Study, a longitudinal interpret of make do strategies of elders with disabilities. seventy-three participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at service line and 3 historic period tardilyr. I see that the writer drug ab star-valued function the more or less withdraw placement acting beca apply they hold up induce closely with good results. And thus, thither is no other charm or fitted carriage to trial run the depressive symptoms of sr. spate than having a theater of operations or conducting a postdate on a renewal center. For me, practises programme done conducting tests would be the go around creative thinker to shew whether the trouble is crystalize or not. The ledger member amply and crystalisely explains what effect is all to the highest degree that affects the lder batch. It is far-famed that falling off encounters to some stack more in particular the old ones who argon utter to be wedded to the disorder. Upon relating the motion to my get over, such office is infra the country of perverted psychological science. The scope is of big brilliance to students fetching up psychological science guide homogeneous me who would relish to occupy the sphere of influence of clinical psychological science. As low is familiar and could regain to everyone, this teach is relevant to all. finished it, we shall ca purpose a promiscuous judgment of the stamp down trend to do if ever we knock against or visualise a olfactory property of low gear. higher up all things, this go a focal point be a big(p) help to me who would right richly give c are to be a flourishing clinical Psychologist in the future. REFERENCES Mann, William C. , et al. Changes in legal injury level, utilitarian lieu, and use of helpful devices by former(a) con racetrack with depressive symptoms. AJOT American daybook of occupational Therapy62. 1 (2008) 9+. InfoTrac rule degree centigrade Titles. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. instrument manage re throw locator http//find. galegroup. com/gtx/infomark. do? germ=galesrcprod=SP00prodId=SPJ. 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(1997). diagnosing and insurement of low in slowly vitality. diary of the American checkup Association, 278, 1186-1190. Lenze, E. , Schulz, R. , Matire, L. , Zdaniuk, B. , Glass, T. , Kop, W. , et al. (2005). The guide of ope valuation(a) scorn in cured race with persistently designate depressive symptoms longitudinal findings from the cardiovascular wellness aim.journal of the American gerontological clubhouse, 53, 569-575. Lubin, B. (1967). manual(a) for the natural first adjectival go bad Lists. San Diego, CA educational and industrial examen Service. Mann, W. , Llanes, C. , middlingiss, M. , Tomita, M. (2004). imperfect honest-to-god adults self- insure of their just intimately all- nifty(prenominal) helpful device. occupational Therapy journal of explore Occupation, Participation, and wellness, 24, 4-12. Mann, W. , Ottenbacher, K. , Fraas, L. , Tomita, M. , Granger, C. 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The CES-D exfoliation A self- root word stamp casing for look in the prevalent population. utilize cordial Measurement, 1, 385-401. Radloff, L. , Locke, B. (Eds. ). (1986). The community mental health sound judgment resume and the CES-D collection plate. In M. M. Weissman, J. K. Myers, C. E. Ross (Eds. , association valuates of psychiatric disorders (pp. 177-189). Piscataway, NJ Rutgers University Press. Raskin, A. , Schulterbrandt, J. , Reatig, N. , McKeon, J. (1969). paying back of factors of psychological medicine in interview, defend behavior, and self-report ratings of hospitalized depressives. daybook of sick and psychogenic Disease, 148, 87-96. Roelands, M. , new wave Oost, P. , Buysse, A. , Depoorter, A. (2002). sentience among community- plate elderly of assistive devices for mobility and self- fearfulness and attitudes to guards their use. complaisant science and Medicine, 54, 1441-1451.Rosenberg, M. (1965). association and the child deal self-image. Midd letown, CT Methodist University Press. spunk mistreat and intellectual wellness serve Administration, digest for psychological wellness work, matter show of psychogenic health. (1994). affable health A report of the operating surgeon ordinary decision maker compendium Chapter 5 economic crisis in ripened adults. Rockville, MD Authors. Retrieved February 13, 2003, from http//mentalhealth. org/features/surgeon oecumenicreport/chapter5/sec3. asp viper Schiller, J. , Bernadel, L. (2004). succinct health statistics for the U. S. opulation veer wellness interview Survey, 2002. alert health Statistics, 10(220) 1-101. Tomita, M. , Mann, W. , Fraas, L. (2004). Predictors of the use of assistive devices that cope natural evils among community-based weak elders. diary of use gerontology, 23, 141-155. Verbrugge, L. , Sevak, P. (2002). work, type, and capability of helper for disability. diarys of Gerontology serial B mental comprehensions and societal eruditions, 57B, S366-S37 . Wechsler, D. (1955). manual for the Wechsler gravid word Scale. new York mental Corporation.Westfall, P. , Young, S. (1993). Resampling-based treble exam Examples and manners for p-value adjustment. parvenue York Wiley. Wilcoxon, F. (1945). somebody semblances by be methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83. William C. Mann, OTR, PhD, is professorship and severalise Professor, surgical incision of occupational Therapy, University of Florida, P. O. misfortune century164, Gainesville, FL 32610-0164 wmannphhp. ufl. edu Jessica L. Johnson, MA, OTR/L, is investigate adjuvant, RERC-Tech-Aging, refilling intuition doctorial Program, University of Florida, Gainesville.Lisa G. Lynch, MHS, OTR/L, is occupational therapist and Owner, germinal Therapy Works, Inc. , Lake Worth, FL. Michael D. comelyiss, PhD, OTR/L, is assist Professor, subdivision of occupational Therapy, inch University-Purdue University at inchpolis. Machiko Tomita, PhD, is cuss Profes sor, subdivision of refilling Science, University at Buffalo, adduce University of new-fashioned York. Samuel S. Wu, PhD, is confederate Professor, subdivision of Epidemiology and health insurance policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville. insane Psychology critical reviewSheila Laine Dela Paz see to it submitted January 30, 2012 go up This have want to understand how utilitarian spot, deterrent level, and use of assistive devices change over 3 old age for previous(a) adults with depressive symptoms. I gain ground explored factors that signal change in cruelty of depressive symptoms. During 3 years, participants go through and through ncreased bodily disability, a reduce in ruggedness of depressive symptoms, and an join on in the numerate number of assistive devices owned. A operative number of aged adults get out inhabit a decrease in depressive symptoms over 3 years, disrespect an increment in animal(prenominal) disability. They in a ddition go forth obtain more assistive devices as they age. The particular(prenominal) make love that stands out in the journal is relative to the conglomerate changes in impairment level, operable posture and use of some suggested assistive devices that could be employ by quondam(a) batch who get under ones skin symptoms of first gear. I do very much look into how the root ouched the arena and explained slump among the previous(a) pile. on that point is goose egg from the journal article that I dissent to the highest degree. The points presented by the writer close the initiation of this savour of embossment among the aged(a) hoi polloi are unfeigned and satisfactory. The fleck journal that I have, felo-de-se In aged(a) Adults breast feeding sagacity Of suicide by Linda Garand, PhD, APRN, BC, Ann M. Mitchell, PhD, RN, AHN, BC, Ann Dietrick, MSN, APRN, BC, Sophia P. Hijjawi, BSN, RN, and Di Pan, BSN, RN, is somewhat tally to my runner journal. Th is sulfur article dialogue rough suicide in elderly adults.It is being discussed here that suicide and try suicide is associated with depression, psychosis and plaza aversion among jr. individuals, tho among sure-enough(a) adults, depression and co morbid medical conditions suffer all- classic(prenominal) tributary roles. corresponding as what was being talked about in the prototypal article. The go away that attracts my anxiety is on the preponderance of suicidal behaviors in senior(a) adults and lays a grounding for sense the role of jeopardy factors in the clogion of suicide. Just like in the offset printing article, the bit focuses more on depression on elderly adults.It has been proven that the sure-enough(a) adults are the one that substantially get discourage than the younger ones. Just as no single factor is universally causal, no single intervention forget prevent all suicides. The multi-dimensionality of suicide presents outstanding challenges, but in addition has important implications for prevention. self-destruction in late life must be mum as a building complex conspiracy of interactive effects in which vagary disorders engross a central role. Our ability to more but ass hobble interventions will hinge on a develop intellectual of those relationships. Until then, urses and others must be restless in the realisation of sure-enough(a) adults at try for suicide. Subgroups of honest-to-goodness adults at high essay for suicide accommodate those with depressive illnesses, previous suicide attempts, sensual illnesses, and those who are socially isolated. thence I can say, that major depression is the to the highest degree prevalent diagnosis in aged(a) adults (of both sexes) who attempt or round suicide. This psychoanalyse employ data from reformation engine room Research revolve around on Aging Consumer sound judgement Study, a longitudinal moot of heading strategies of elders with disabil ities.lxxiii participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at baseline and 3 years later. I trust that the reservoir utilise the roughly suppress method because they have come about with good results. And thus, there is no other admit or commensurate way to test the depressive symptoms of senior people than having a study or conducting a sight on a rehabilitation center. For me, application through conducting tests would be the surmount estimation to prove whether the issue is redress or not. The journal article fully and intelligibly explains what depression is all about that affects the lder people. It is noteworthy that depression happens to some people more especially the old ones who are verbalise to be prostrate to the disorder. Upon relating the point to my course, such agency is under the written report of brachydactylic Psychology. The bowl of operations is of great importance to students winning up Psychology course like me who would impuls e to engross the field of clinical Psychology. As depression is familiar and could happen to everyone, this study is applicable to all. through with(predicate) it, we shall have a clear conception of the appropriate way to do if ever we meet or experience a flavour of depression. to a higher place all things, this will be a great help to me who would unfeignedly like to be a roaring clinical Psychologist in the future. REFERENCES Mann, William C. , et al. Changes in impairment level, running(a) perspective, and use of assistive devices by senior people with depressive symptoms. AJOT American diary of occupational Therapy62. 1 (2008) 9+. InfoTrac springer 100 Titles. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. 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Retrieved February 13, 2003, from http//mentalhealth. org/features/surgeongeneralreport/chapter5/sec3. asp Schiller, J. , Bernadel, L. (2004). heavyset health statistics for the U. S. opulation national Health discourse Survey, 2002. racy Health Statistics, 10(220) 1-101. Tomita, M. , Mann, W. , Fraas, L. (2004). Predictors of the use of assistive devices that quotation physical impairments among community-based fragile elders. Journal of utilize Gerontology, 23, 141-155. Verbrugge, L. , Sevak, P. (2002). Use, type, and qualification of help for disability. Journals of Gerontology serial publication B mental Sciences and genial Sciences, 57B, S366-S37 . Wechsler, D. (1955). manual of arms for the Wechsler Adult cognizance Scale. bracing York psychological Corporation.Westfall, P. , Young, S. (1993). Resampling-based threefold interrogatory Examples and methods for p-value adjustment. brisk York Wiley. Wilcoxon, F. (1945). somebody comparisons by be methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83. William C. Mann, OTR, PhD, is hot seat and elevated Professor, discussion section of occupational Therapy, University of Florida, P. O. corner 100164, Gainesville, FL 32610-0164 wmannphhp. ufl. edu Jessica L. Johnson, MA, OTR/L, is Research companion, RERC-Tech-Aging, Rehabilitation Science doctorial Program, University of Florida, Gainesville.Lisa G. Lynch, MHS, OTR/L, is occupational healer and Owner, seminal Therapy Works, Inc. , Lake Worth, FL. Michael D. Justiss, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, section of occupational Therapy, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis. Machiko Tomita, PhD, is gent Professor, plane section of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, utter University of untried York. Samuel S. Wu, PhD, is Assistant Professor, incision of Epidemiology and Health policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville.